What is the history of conflict between Israel and Palestine?

 The history of conflict between Israel and Palestine is complex and long, dating back to the late 19th century. There are many factors and events that have contributed to the conflict, such as the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism, the British mandate of Palestine, the creation of Israel and the displacement of Palestinians, the wars and intifadas, the peace efforts and the ongoing issues of settlements, Jerusalem, refugees and security.

Here is a brief summary of some of the key points in the history of the conflict:

• In the late 19th century, Zionists sought to establish a homeland for the Jewish people in Ottoman-controlled Palestine, where Arabs were the majority population. The Balfour Declaration of 1917, issued by the British government, endorsed the idea of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, which led to an influx of Jewish immigrants to the region¹.
• In 1947, the United Nations adopted Resolution 181, known as the Partition Plan, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into two states – one Jewish, one Arab. On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli War. The war resulted in Israel gaining more territory than it was awarded under the UN partition plan, and about 700,000 Palestinians becoming refugees².
• In 1964, a coalition of Palestinian groups founded the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) under the leadership of Yasser Arafat to pursue armed struggle and establish an Arab state in place of Israel. The PLO drew international attention to its cause with high-profile attacks and hijackings².
• In 1967, Israel fought and won the Six-Day War against Egypt, Jordan and Syria, capturing the West Bank, East Jerusalem, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights. Israel began to build settlements in these occupied territories, which are considered illegal by most of the international community³.
• In 1973, Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism. The war ended with a ceasefire and a UN resolution calling for Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and recognition of all parties’ right to exist⁴.
• In 1979, Egypt became the first Arab country to sign a peace treaty with Israel, following the Camp David Accords mediated by US President Jimmy Carter. The treaty returned Sinai to Egypt and established diplomatic relations between the two countries⁵.
• In 1987, the first intifada (uprising) broke out in the occupied territories, as Palestinians protested against Israeli occupation and repression. The intifada lasted until 1993 and involved mass demonstrations, civil disobedience, strikes and violent clashes.
• In 1993, Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords, which were intended to be a framework for a final peace agreement. The accords recognized each other’s existence and established a Palestinian Authority to govern parts of the West Bank and Gaza. The accords also envisioned a five-year transitional period leading to negotiations on final status issues such as borders, Jerusalem, refugees and security.
• In 1995, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a Jewish extremist who opposed the peace process. Rabin’s successor Shimon Peres continued to pursue peace talks with Arafat.
• In 2000, US President Bill Clinton hosted a summit at Camp David between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Arafat. The summit failed to reach an agreement on final status issues. Shortly after, the second intifada erupted following a controversial visit by Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon to the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif site in Jerusalem. The second intifada was more violent than the first one and involved suicide bombings by Palestinian militants and military operations by Israel.
• In 2002, Saudi Arabia proposed an Arab Peace Initiative that offered Israel normal relations with all Arab countries in exchange for its withdrawal from all occupied territories and a just solution for Palestinian refugees. The initiative was endorsed by the Arab League but rejected by Israel.
• In 2005, Israel withdrew from Gaza unilaterally but maintained control over its borders, airspace and waters. Hamas won parliamentary elections in 2006 and took over Gaza by force in 2007 after a brief civil war with Fatah. Israel imposed a blockade on Gaza that has been condemned by human rights groups as collective punishment.
• In 2007